ARF is common in the setting of critical illness and is correlated with a high risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and short term outcome of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) in intensive care unit (ICU). This study was designed as an analytic cross-sectional study. First, 201 Patients who hospitalized in the ICU enrolled in this study. ARF was defined as a plasma creatinine levels according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria.The assessed risk factors of ARF were age, gender, Cause of hospitalization in the ICU, Imaging with Contrast agents, mechanical ventilation, antibiotic (aminoglycoside), diuretic, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypotension, and higher death risk by APACHE II score. Patients were followed until discharge or death. ARF developed in 8 % of the patients, with 43.8 % resulting in death. Acute renal failure was significantly associated with age > 50 years, receiving antibiotic, imaging with contrast agents, diabetes, hypertension, mechanical ventilation, and diuretic. ARF has a wide incidence and mortality when it occurs in ICU. There is a very close link with multiple organ dysfunction and hemodynamic status. Results of our study demonstrated that ARF developed in 8 % of the patients

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